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Koteshwor is a place, located in Kathmandu District. In 1991, Kathmandu Metropolitan City was expanded by incorporating Koteshwor as Ward No. 32 (previously 35). It encompasses 395 hectares and is bounded by the Manohara river in the east and south, the Bagmati river in the west, and share borders with Gothatar in the north, Madhyapur Thimi municipality of Bhaktapur District in east and Lalitpur metropolitan city in the south. With respect to basic services, almost all homes in the ward have access to electricity, but the same cannot be said about drinking water. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5787 and had 1154 households in it.^[1]The ward contains 8,716 households. The population in 2001 was 35,184.

• 2Education and institutions

History[edit]

The name of Koteshwor was derived from the name of shiva temple, Koteshwor Mahadev. At the time of Malla period the Koteshwor was a tri-border area along the junction of three Malla Kingdoms were Kantipur, Patan and Bhaktapur. Initially the settlement of people started from Koteshwor Mahadevsthan area.

Education and institutions[edit]

Colleges and Schools[edit]

• Koteshwor Multiple Campus - The oldest campus of the city, which is located in Koteshwor Mahadev. This campus has played a vital role on the higher education history of Nepal. Established in 2047, Koteshwor Multiple Campus stands synonymous to the academic institution itself-largely because it was the first step in the mammoth growth of the institution and also because the corporate identity of the stakeholders is reflected in the name of public campus.^[2]
• V.S. Niketan Higher Secondary School - V.S. Niketan is located in Minbhawan and Tinkune, Kathmandu, Nepal and schools over 4,000 students. You will find the entire campus of V.S. Niketan divided by Bagmati River. V.S. Education Foundation is the outcome of the institutional expansion of an education system aiming to coordinate all the educational activities of the institution so that the entity established at V.S. Niketan is uniformly maintained in all levels of teaching and learning under the same roof. The institution function form Pre-Primary to Bachelor's Levels of education. It has been awarded the 'Best School of Nepal' for two times, recently.
• CCRC - The Capital College and Research Centre (CCRC) is a Nepali higher secondary school located in Koteshwor, Kathmandu.
• Everest College of Nursing - Everest College of Nursing (ECON) was established in 2010 with the vision of producing Health Professionals that could meet the demands of modern-day medicinal practice. Professionals need to be aware of advances in medical technologies.^[3]
• Kathmandu Barsha Higher Secondary School and College - Also known as KATHMANDU BARSHA located in Tinkunne, Koteshwor, Kathmandu.
• Manakamana English Boarding School located as Koteshwor, Sahayogi Nagar.
• Triton International College - located in Subidha Nagar, Tinkunne.
• Nagarik College of Health Sciences - located at Koteshwor.
• Grammar Public Higher Secondary School - Grammar Public Higher Secondary School is located at Setiopi Marga, Koteshwor, Kathmandu-35, Just ten minute walk from Koteshwor Chowk. Grammar Public Higher Secondary School was established in 19993 (2050) by a team of well experienced, professional and dedicated teachers.^[4]
• Kanjirowa National School - Kanjirowa National Higher Secondary School (formerly Kathmandu Don Bosco High School) is an independent co-educational institution providing education in a friendly and caring environment. It was established in 1998 A.D by a team of educators and academicians, and has succeeded in maintaining high degree of professionalism and educational standard. It is located at Koteshwor (Near Balkumari Bridge), Kathmandu, Nepal.^[5]
• Himalaya English Boarding Higher Secondary School - located at Koteshwor.
• Laligurans Batika Secondary School - LGBS is an co-educational institution. It was established in 1979 A.D. It is located at Bidhyanagar, Narephant, Koteshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. Laligurans Batika Secondary School provides classes from 1 to 10.
• SOS Balgram, Koteshwor - SOS koteshwor is next to Mahadevsthan and is located in Bāgmatī Zone, Central Region, Nepal.
• Kotdevi Public School, Narephat
• Jagriti Academy, Narephat
• Mount SEB Boarding School, Narephat
• Brain Heart English School, Narephat

Hospitals[edit]

• Kantipur Hospital Pvt. Ltd. - The Kantipur Hospital Private Limited was established in 2054 BS. Since the begging of its establishment this hospital has been trying to provide quality healthcare service targeting middle and lower-class people as patients. With the hope of extending more quality healthcare now it has been running with 100 beds in its own building located at Tinkune, Koteshwor, Kathmandu.^[6]

Shopping Mall[edit]

Koteshwor, Kathmandu is developing as a hub center for the shopping Malls. The major shopping Mall in this area is the most famous chain supermarket is Bhat-bhateni Malls. This supermarket is one of the most popular shopping destinations for people who intend to buy groceries, clothing, kitchenware, gifts and other items. There are also many small scale shopping Malls in area of Koteshwor like 'Hongkong Sasto Bazaar', 'Koteshwor Shopping Center'.

Banks[edit]

Most of the major banks and financial institutions have their Branches in the area of Koteshwor, Kathmandu.

• Prime Bank^[7]
• Nepal Bangladesh Bank way to mahadevsthan
• Everest Bank Jadibuti
• lumbini Bikas Bank Narephat
• Rastriya Banijya Bank 15-20m near overhead bridge(way to bhatbhateni)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Nepal Census 2001'. Nepal's Village Development Committees. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
2. ^'Koteshwor Multiple Campus'.
3. ^'ECON'.
4. ^'Grammar Public School'.
5. ^'Kanjirowa School'.
6. ^'Kantipur Hospital'.
7. ^http://www.primebank.com.np/

Banepa (Nepal Bhasa: भोंदेय्), a municipality and historical town is a valley situated at about 4,800 ft (1,500 m) above sea level in central Nepal which is at about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east from Kathmandu. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it has a population of 24,764. The main attraction of Banepa is the temple of Chandeshwori, located approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) northeast of the town along the Rudramati River. The Dhaneshwor Temple is 1 km south of the town. Banepa is also known for its eight different temples of Lord Ganesh, Narayanthan (the temple of Lord Narayan), Bhimshenthan (the temple of Lord Bhimshen) and eight different ponds.^{[citation needed]}

• 3Festivals

History[edit]

Some of the ancient names of Banepa were Banepur, Baniyapur, Banipur. As it had trade relationship with Tibet from ancient period, Banepa is also known as 'Bhont', 'Bhonta', 'Bhon dey (भोंदेय्)'. Banepa is the combination of two words i.e. 'Bane' means 'Business' and 'Pa' means 'Place'. Therefore, 'Banepa' means 'Place of Business'.^[1]

It is believed that when entire Kathmandu Valley was covered with lake, there was a settlement in Banepa.

By early Lichchavi period (5th-8th century), settlements existed at Sanga (Sangagrama), Banepa (Ninaapa), Nala, Panauti, Khopasi, Palanchowk, Dumja and probably Dolakha, Lele (Lembatidrangga), Chitlang valley and even up to Gorkha. (Slusser, 1982).

Thakuri period (879 – 1200 A.D.) : Bhaktapur and Banepa was the core political area.

Malla Period (1200–1769 A.D.) : King Anandedeva Malla united the scattered villages and made modern Banepa surrounded by eight gates with a Ganesh (the elephant-headed god of good omen) at each of the gates in eight different directions in Kaligat Year 4197 (around 1153 B.S.). He also built a temple of Chandeshwori and arranged a trust fund for the goddess.

After having had the favours and directions of goddess Chandeshwori, King Anandadeva Malla founded seven villages (सात गाँउ), viz,

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• Banepa near Chandeshwori Pitha
• Shreekhandapur near Dhaneshwor
• Panauti near Prayaga Tirtha of Nepal
• Nala near Nala Bhagawati
• Dhulikhel near Narayana
• Chaukot near the resident of Chaukora Rishi
• Sanga, near Nasika Pitha.

Old town[edit]

The old Newa: town is located at the central part of the City. It is surrounded by 8 ganesh temples with 8 adjacent ponds and Phalchaa (फल्चा).The name of the Ganesh temples are:

• Tukampwo (तुकम्प्वो) Ganesh at South (Temple of Tukampwo Ganesh was established first of all other Ganesh Temple by King Anandadeva Malla after forming new Kingdom of Banepa. It is also the major temple of Banepa.)
• Kobha (कोभः) Ganesh at Southeast
• Waku (वकु) Ganesh at East
• Thachhu (थाछु) Ganesh at North
• Kanthu (कांथु) Ganesh at Northeast
• Kwonla (क्वोंला) Ganesh at Southwest
• Talapukhu (तलाःपुखु) Ganesh at West
• Jyasanani (ज्यासःननी) Ganesh at Northwest

These Ganesh temples are said to be the boundaries of old Banepa. The main temple of Banepa city was Chandeswori Temple along the Rudramati River.

Along with this, King Ananda Dev Malla also built wells and taps for providing the people of Banepa with the good source of water. But many of those ponds have been used for public uses and some 'Phalchaa' do not have any existence today.^[2]

Festivals[edit]

A lot of festivals are celebrated in Banepa as follows:

1. Chandeshwori Jatra from Baisakh Purnima to next two days.
2. Kanya Pooja (worshipping of the young girls) during Gunla, Krishna Janmasthami
3. Nawadurga Jatra
4. Ganesh Jatra during Vijaya Dashami
5. भीमसेन जात्रा Bhimsen Jatra
6. Jaaludyo Jatra (जालुद्याे जात्रा) on the day of Ashwin Krishna Pratipada, the next day of Indra Jatra.
7. Naradevi Shvetkali Naach (नरदेवी श्वेतकाली नाच, once in twelve years. It was re-continued after about after 38 years.
8. Krishna Janmasthami

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Forgotten Festivals of Banepa[edit]

Above mentioned festivals are still in practice. But there were many other besides these which had been discontinued due to various reasons. Some of those festivals are listed as follows:

• Kumari Nritya (कुमारी नृत्य) had been discontinued about 108 years ago.
• Jatras of Tukwampo Ganesh
• Narayan and Bhimsen; Bokakhah Jatra(बाेकखः जात्रा) on Axaya Tritiya (अक्षयतृतीया), Karunamaya Jatra were also had been discontinued about 103 years ago.^[3] Many other festivals were also discontinued which were forgotten.

Present situation[edit]

Punyamata River, which was the major source of drinking water, irrigation and many other activities, is being polluted day by day. The bank of Punyamata River has been a place where solid wastage has been disposed. The sewage has been connected directly to the river without any treatment and in an unmanaged way has adversely affected the river water. Waste materials produced from local industry have turned the river water black. The surrounding countryside is also being polluted.

Although Banepa is a small place of an area of 5.56 square kilometres (2.15 sq mi), it has got the population density of 4,454 per square kilometre (11,540/sq mi). Due to the connection of Banepa with other places through roadways, about 300 buses, minibuses, cars, trucks, motorcycles altogether are helping in the transportation in a day. Along with this, the gases emitted from those vehicles have polluted the environment of Banepa.

In the boundary of three municipalities of Kavrepalanchowk District, namely; Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti, the country's only IT Park is being constructed. All the three cities have been declared as the 'Cyber City'.

Healthcare[edit]

Banepa has a Seventh-day Adventist hospital called Scheer Memorial Hospital, which was established in 1957.^[4] This hospital has been expanded as a medical college associated with Vanderbilt University in the US and Kathmandu University. Many students enroll in the B.Sc. Nursing programs at this hospital. Banepa is also the location of the Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children and Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital.^{[citation needed]}

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Transportation[edit]

Banepa is a major trade route to Tibet, with the Arniko Rajmarg, the only highway that connects Nepal and China (Tibet), running through this town. Furthermore, B.P. Koirala Highway also passes through Banepa. Though it is a small town, but it is well devolved and Banepa is the major economic center east of Kathmandu.^{[citation needed]}

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Media[edit]

To promote local culture, Banepa has two FMradio stations: Radio ABC, which is a Community Radio Station and Prime Fm. This area also has a Television Channel named as Araniko Television.^{[citation needed]}

Education[edit]

Schools in Banepa include Himalaya Secondary School, Banepa Valley School (currently known as Baylor International Academy), Vidhya Sagar Secondary School, Bagmati English Boarding School, Rambhakta Memorial School and Kshitij English Boarding School.

Gallery[edit]

• Pond of Talapukhu Ganesh Temple Free keno games for android.

• Pond of Kobha Ganesh Temple

• Bhairab painting of Chandeswori temple, one of the major attraction of Banepa

• Narayanthan of Banepa, believed to be established during the reign of King Ranajit Malla

• Entrance Gate of Chandeshwori Temple

• Wood carved roof decoration on the Chandeshwari Temple.

• Malla king and queen doing Namaste (the ritual greeting) in front of the Chandeshwari Temple.

• Dhaneshwor Temple

References[edit]

1. ^बनेपा स्तवन - ज्ञानकाजी मानन्धर
2. ^बनेपा सात गाउँ - ज्ञानकाजी मानन्धर
3. ^बनेपा स्तवन - ज्ञानकाजी मानन्धर
4. ^'About'. Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital. Retrieved 1 October 2018.

External links[edit]

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