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The Motherboard is a Printed Circuit Board(PCB) it holds all the major components such as RAM Slots, CPU Slot, BIOS, SATA and IDE Slots, Expansion Slots (Video, Audio, PCI cards etc.). Motherboard acts as the main platform for communication between all other components of PC. The Motherboard is the main component of PC, Mobiles Phones, Tablets, Laptops. The types of Motherboards in the electronic market lets discuss the types of Motherboards.
Contents
- 1 Different Types of Motherboards:
- 1.2 ATX Motherboard:
- 2 Motherboard Components
Different Types of Motherboards:
The board physically lacks DDR4 memory slots for channels 3 and 4, and makes do with the limited PCIe lane budget of the 'Kaby Lake-X' processors. This is similar to the Aorus X299 Gaming. Built in the micro-ATX form-factor, the MSI X299M-A Pro draws power from a combination of 24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS, and 6-pin PCIe (optional). MSI ARSENAL GAMING B360M BAZOOKA LGA 1151 (300 Series) Intel B360 SATA 6Gb/s Micro ATX Intel Motherboard. Memory Standard: Supports DDR4 2666/ 2400/ 2133. Please refer to www.msi.com for more information on compatible memory Number of Memory Slots: 4×288pin Audio Chipset: Dual Realtek ALC887 PCI Express 3.0 x16: 1 x PCI Express 3.0 x16 Model #: B360M BAZOOKA.
Here is the list of different types of Motherboards and how each one of these looks and what features they generally have.
AT Motherboard:
These Motherboards are the oldest of its kind. AT means the board consists of Advanced Technology (AT) power connectors. The AT Motherboards are used in mid-80’s. The dimensions (13.8 x 12 inch) of this Motherboard make it difficult for new drives to get installed. These Motherboards are used in earlier 286/236 and 436 Computers.
ATX Motherboard:
ATX means Advanced Technology eXtended is the motherboard configuration specification developed in mid-90’s and still available. The ATX Motherboard is an improvement from the previously working Motherboard such as AT. ATX is the most common motherboard design which is used in smaller boards (including micro-ATX, FlexATX, nano-ITX, mini-ITX). Dimensions of a full-size standard ATX board are 12 x 9.6 inch. The ATX Motherboard have gone through lots of upgrades in recent times.
The modern ATX Motherboard has many advantages over its predecessors. Some of the features and uses of modern ATX Motherboard are as follows
- More power phases for cleaner and more stable power.
- More clearance around CPU socket to accommodate those huge after-market heatsinks.
- Wider gaps between expansion slots for better graphics cards cooling.
All the above factors add up to superior overclocking results. And let’s not forget the spacious ATX mid-tower and full-tower cases with enough room for half a dozen case fans, water cooling setups, tall (CPU and RAM) heat sinks and all that other cool stuff.
Micro-ATX Motherboard:
It is smaller than the typical ATX Motherboards with the dimension of 9.6 x 9.6 inch. Some manufacture has the dimension of 9.6 x 8.1 inch. Most modern ATX motherboards have a maximum of seven PCI or PCI-Express expansion slots, while microATX boards only have a maximum of four.
Micro-ATX motherboard has many advantages over ATX Motherboard and they are given below
- It is compact and smaller than ATX motherboard which sports more ports and slots than ATX.
- Budget Motherboard compared to other ATX or ITX motherboard
The Typical Micro-ATX Motherboard is given belowPlo on wsop online poker.
Mini ITX Motherboard:
Mini ITX is 6.7 x 6.7 inch in dimension which is smaller than any other conventional Motherboard. Some of the features and advantages of Mini ITX Motherboard are following bellow
- The smaller size and fan-less cooling which enables it to low power consumption.
- Mini ITX board can be used in any cases which are designed for ATX, Micro-ATX and other ATX variants if desired.
The Typical Mini ITX Motherboard is given below have a look
E-ATX Motherboard:
E-ATX is extended ATX Motherboard and its size is huge compared to ATX Motherboard but it doesn’t matter with the size it has many features and uses which other typical motherboard lagging. The E-ATX is mainly used for gaming. This motherboard can be extended to have huge memory and more CPU cores.
The features and advantages of E-ATX Motherboard are given below
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- It has a lot of PCI slots and DIMM slots
- These boards have inbuilt wifi, sound cards, onboard troubleshooting features and powerful VRM
- Maximum of 128 GB ram can be installed in this motherboard
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These are the types of motherboards which are used conventionally and there are several features which I have not mentioned above like overclocking, USB 3.0, USB 3.1etc. Which can be seen in modern Motherboards and I will give you some basic and important motherboard component and its uses in the following pages
Motherboard Components
The Motherboard consists of various components which have their own role to play in the functioning of a PC. The typical motherboard is given below and I will explain it functions one by one
Expansion Slots
ISA slots: These were the oldest expansion slots in the history of motherboards. They were found in AT boards and are identified by black color. Conventional display cards or sound cards were installed in these slots. The full form of ISA is Industry Standard Architecture and is a 16- bit bus.
PCI Slots: The full form of PCI is Peripheral Component Interconnect. The PCI slot is one of the important motherboard components today and is vastly used to install add-on cards on the motherboard. The PCI supports 64-bit high-speed bus.
PCI express: Also known as PCIe, these are the latest and the fastest component of the motherboard to support add-on cards. It supports full duplex serial bus.
AGP slot: Accelerated Graphics Port(AGP) is specifically used to install a latest graphics card. AGP runs on a 32-bit bus and both PCIe and AGP can be used to install high-end gaming display cards.
RAM(memory) slots
SIMM slots: The full form is a single in-line memory module. These slots were found in older motherboards, up to 486-boards. The SIMM supports 32-bit bus.
DIMM slots: The full form of DIMM is a Double inline memory module. These are the latest RAM slots which run on a faster 64-bit bus. The DIMM which is used on Laptop boards are SO-DIMM.
CPU Socket
The Main Motherboard component is CPU socket which is used to install the processor on the Motherboard. Some important sockets are explained below.
Socket7: It is a 321 pin socket that supported older processors like Intel Pentium 1/2/MMX, AMD k5/K6, and Cyrix M2.
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Socket370: It is a 370 pin socket that supports Celeron processors and Pentium-3 processors.
Socket 775: It is a 775-pin socket that supports Intel dual-core, C2D, P-4 and Xeon processors.
Socket 1156: Found on latest types of motherboards, it is an 1156-pin socket that supports latest Intel i-3, i-5, and i-7, processors.
Socket 1366: The socket is of 1366 pins and supports latest i-7 900 processors.
BIOS
The full form of BIOS is Basic Input Output System. It is a motherboard component in the form of an Integrated chip. This chip contains all the information and settings of the motherboard which you can modify by entering the BIOS mode from your computer.
CMOS Battery
The battery or a cell is a 3.0 Volts lithium type cell. The cell is responsible for storing the information in BIOS and the full form is Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor.
Power Connectors
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In order to receive power from SMPS,there are connectors mounted on the motherboards.
AT connector: It consists of 2 number of 6 pin male connectors and is found on old types of motherboards.
ATX connector: The latest in the series of power connectors, they are either 20 or 24 pin female connectors. Found in all the latest types of motherboards.
IDE connector
The Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) connectors are used to interface disk drives. The 40-pin male connector is used to connect IDE hard disk drive and the 34-pin male connector connects to Floppy Disk Drive.
SATA connector
SATA is a computer bus interface that connects the host bus adapters to the mass storage device such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment(SATA) are 7-pin connectors and they are much faster than IDE interface. The basic I/O interface of the motherboard is given below
Choosing a right type of motherboard that is compatible with other parts of your computer is a vital step in determining the overall speed of your PC. Once you learn about various motherboard components, you can easily assemble your own PC or solve the basic hardware issues in your motherboard.
microATX (sometimes referred to as μATX, uATX[1] or mATX)[2] is a standard for motherboards that was introduced in December 1997.[3] The maximum size of a microATX motherboard is 9.6 × 9.6 in (244 × 244 mm). The standard ATX size is 25% longer, at 12 × 9.6 in (305 × 244 mm).
Currently available microATX motherboards support CPUs from VIA, Intel or AMD.
Backward compatibility[edit]
microATX was explicitly designed to be backward-compatible with ATX. The mounting points of microATX motherboards are a subset of those used on full-size ATX boards, and the I/O panel is identical. Thus, microATX motherboards can be used in full-size ATX cases. Furthermore, most microATX motherboards generally use the same power connectors as ATX motherboards,[4] thus permitting the use of full-size ATX power supplies with microATX boards.
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microATX boards often use the same chipsets (northbridges and southbridges) as full-size ATX boards, allowing them to use many of the same components. However, since microATX cases are typically much smaller than ATX cases, they usually have fewer expansion slots.
Expandability[edit]
Most modern ATX motherboards have a maximum of seven PCI or PCI-Express expansion slots, while microATX boards only have a maximum of four (four being the maximum permitted by the specification). In order to conserve expansion slots and case space, many manufacturers produce microATX motherboard with a full range of integrated peripherals (especially integrated graphics), which may serve as the basis for small form factor and media center PCs. For example, the ASRockG31M-S motherboard (pictured right) features onboard Intel GMA graphics, HD Audio audio, and Realtek Ethernet (among others), thus freeing up the expansion slots that would have been used for a graphics card, sound card, and Ethernet card. In recent years, however, it is common even for ATX boards to integrate all these components, as much of this functionality is contained in the typical northbridge/southbridge pair. With the 'must-have' functions already present on the motherboard, the need for having many expansion slots has faded, and adoption of microATX has increased even to be used in ATX cases.
In the DIY PC market, microATX motherboards in general are favored by cost-conscious buyers, where cost savings for the equivalent feature sets outweigh the added expandability of extra PCI/PCI Express slots provided by the full ATX versions. Since 2006, dual-GPU configurations became possible on microATX motherboards for high-end enthusiast gaming setups, further reducing the need for full ATX motherboards.[5]
In addition, some microATX cases require the use of low-profile PCI cards[6] and use power supplies with non-standard dimensions.[7]
Compared to Mini-ITX, microATX motherboards have a maximum of four expansion slots and four DIMM slots, as opposed to the single expansion slot and two DIMM (or SO-DIMM[8]) slots on Mini-ITX motherboards. This means that microATX allows dual-graphics card and quad-channel memory configurations.[9]
References[edit]
- ^Ganesh T S (30 October 2015). 'ASRock Rack Launches Xeon D Motherboards'. AnandTech.
- ^Branton. 'mATX vs ATX motherboard – What should you use for your gaming PC?'. PC Game Haven. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
- ^Mueller, Scott (2003). Upgrading and Repairing PCs. Pearson Education. p. 211. ISBN978-0-7897-2974-3.
- ^As of 2007, most motherboards follow the ATX12V 2.2 specification, which provides for a 24-pin main power connector, and a 4-pin auxiliary connector.
- ^'EVGA - Community - Introducing the NF44'. EVGA Corporation. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^'SilverStone Technology Co., Ltd.- INTRODUCTION：ML03'. SilverStone Technology. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^'Cooler Master: Mini 210'. Cooler Master. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^'ASRock > Q1900B-ITX'. ASRock. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^'Head 2 Head: Mini-ITX vs. MicroATX Systems'. Maximum PC. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.